Configuring Azure AD Password Policy

July 12, 2023

The Azure Active Directory password policy defines the password requirements for tenant users, including password complexity, length, password expiration, account lockout settings, and some other parameters. In this article, we’ll take a look into how to manage a password policy in Azure AD.

Azure AD has a default password policy applied to all accounts that are created in the cloud (not synchronized from on-premises Active Directory via Azure AD Connect).

It defines the following settings that cannot be changed by the Azure/Microsoft 365 tenant administrator:

  • Allowed characters: A-Z , a-z , 0-9 , space and special symbols @ # $ % ^ & * – _ ! + = [ ] { } | \ : ‘ , . ? / ` ~ ” ( )
  • Password complexity: at least 3 out of 4 character groups (uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols)
  • Password length: minimum 8, maximum 256 characters
  • The user cannot use the previous password

Contents:

How to Change Password Expiration Policy in Azure AD

By default, a user’s password never expires in Azure AD (Microsoft 365). But you can enable the password expiration through the Microsoft 365 Admin Center:

  1. Go to Microsoft 365 Admin Center -> Settings -> Security & Privacy -> Password expiration policy;
  2. Disable the option Set password to never expire (recommended); Enable password expiration in Azure AD
  3. In this case:
    Password expiration set to 90 days
    The notification to change your password will start to be displayed 14 days before the expiry date.

Microsoft recommends that you do not enable password expiration if your Azure users use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).

You can use the MSOnline PowerShell module to change user password expiration settings. Just install the module (if needed) and connect to your tenant:

Install-Module MSOnline
Connect-MsolService

Check the current password expiration policy settings in Azure AD:

Get-MsolPasswordPolicy -DomainName woshub.com

ExtensionData NotificationDays ValidityPeriod
System.Runtime.Serialization.ExtensionDataObject 14 2147483647
Get-MsolPasswordPolicy: check password expiration settings powershell

You can change the password expiration policy and notification settings in Azure AD with PowerShell:

Set-MsolPasswordPolicy -DomainName woshub.com -ValidityPeriod 180 -NotificationDays 21

You can manage password expiration settings for a specific user using the Azure AD module:

Connect-AzureAD

Enable the Password never expires option for a specific user:

Set-AzureADUser -ObjectId "maxadm@woshub.com" -PasswordPolicies DisablePasswordExpiration

View the user’s password expiration date:

Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId "maxadm@woshub.com"|Select-Object @{N="PasswordNeverExpires";E={$_.PasswordPolicies -contains "DisablePasswordExpiration"}}

Set an individual user's password to never expire in Azure AD
PasswordNeverExpires
--------------------
True

Enable password expiration for the user:

Set-AzureADUser -ObjectId "maxadm@woshub.com" -PasswordPolicies None

Account Lockout Settings in Azure AD

One more parameter of the Azure password policy available for the administrator to configure is the user lockout rules in case of entering an incorrect password. By default, an account is locked for 1 minute after 10 failed attempts to authenticate using an incorrect password. Note that the lockout time is extended following each next unsuccessful sign-in attempt.

You can configure the lockout settings in the following section of the Azure Portal -> Azure Active Directory -> Security -> Authentication methods —> Password protection.

The options available for you to change are:

  • Lockout threshold – the number of unsuccessful sign-in attempts before the account is locked out (10 by default);
  • Lockout duration in seconds – 60 seconds by default.
Configure Password Protection in Azure

If their account is locked out, an Azure user will see the following notification:

Your account is temporarily locked to prevent unauthorized use. Try again later, and if you still have trouble, contact your admin.
Your Microsoft account is temporarily locked to prevent unauthorized use

Learn how to check user sign-in logs in Azure AD.

Prevent Using Weak and Popular Passwords in Azure AD

There is a separate Azure AD Password Protection feature that allows you to block the use of weak and popular passwords (such as P@ssw0rd, Pa$$word, etc.).

You can use the DSInternals PowerShell module to check the on-premises Active Directory for weak user passwords.

You can define your own list of weak passwords in Azure Active Directory -> Security -> Authentication methods —> Password protection. Enable the option Enforce custom list and add a list of passwords you want to ban (up to 1000 passwords).

When an Azure AD user attempts to change their password to one of the banned list, a notification is displayed:

Unfortunately, you can’t use that password because it contains words or characters that have been blocked by your administrator. Please try again with a different password.
Unfortunately, you can’t use that password because it contains words or characters that have been blocked by your administrator

These settings are applied by default only to cloud users in Azure.

If you want to apply a banned password list to the local Active Directory DS users, here’s what you need to do:

  1. Make sure you have Azure AD Premium P1 or P2 subscription;
  2. Enable the option Enable password protection on Windows Server Active Directory;
  3. The default configuration enables only the audit of the prohibited password use. So, after the testing, switch the Mode option to Enforced;
  4. Deploy the Azure AD Password Protection Proxy Service (AzureADPasswordProtectionProxySetup.msi) on one of the on-premises hosts;
  5. Install Azure AD Password Protection (AzureADPasswordProtectionDCAgentSetup.msi) on all the ADDS domain controllers.

If you want the Azure password policy to be applied to users synchronized from AD DS via Azure AD Connect, you must enable the option EnforceCloudPasswordPolicyForPasswordSyncedUsers:

Set-MsolDirSyncFeature -Feature EnforceCloudPasswordPolicyForPasswordSyncedUsers -Enable $true

Ensure that you have configured a sufficiently strong domain password policy in your on-premises Active Directory. Otherwise, synchronized users can set any password, including those that are weak and insecure.

In this case, when a user’s password is changed or reset in on-premises Active Directory, the user is checked against the list of banned passwords in Azure.

If you have Azure AD Connect sync enabled, you can use your own password policies from on-premises Active Directory to apply to cloud users. To do this, you need to create a Fine Grained Security password policy in the on-premises AD and link it to a group containing the users synchronized with the cloud. In this case, Azure Active Directory will follow the password policy of your local domain.

Source :
https://woshub.com/azure-ad-password-policy/

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