The windows Update CLI commands are useful for troubleshooting Windows Update errors. And they are helpful when you need to automate the windows update tasks. In newer versions of windows, the WUAUCLT command has been deprecated and replaced with the usoclient. In this article we have included the options and syntax for using wuault, usoclient, and powershell to detect and install windows updates

WUAUCLT

The windows update command utility in windows is: WUAUCLT. This stands for Windows Update Automatic Update Client. This client has been deprecated in windows 10 and server 2016. Howeve,r it is still available through windows 7 and server 2012R2.

Below is a list of arguments you can pass to the WUAUCLT commands and a short explanation of what each argument does.
Search:

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Examples

See below for some examples of running the wuauclt. All examples should be run from an elevated/administrative command prompt

If all you want to do is detect and install updates right now, you would run:

Wuauclt /dectectnow /updatenow

If it is refusing to install, you can run:

Wuauclt /resetauthorization

If you want to have the client report its status back to the WSUS server, you would run:

Wuauclt /reportnow

Powershell

Powershell will give you the most flexibility in installing windows updates. The other methods are fine for simply downloading and installing all updates. However, with the powershell cmdlets you can do things like get a list of updates, search for updates with a specific word in them, then only install those updates.

The first step is to download the powershell module here:
https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/2d191bcd-3308-4edd-9de2-88dff796b0bc

If you have Powershell verison 5, you can install the module from the gallery by running:

Install-module PSWindowsUpdate

Before you can run any commands, you need to import the windows update module:

Import-Module PSWindowsUpdate

You might need to install the Microsoft Update service. That can be done with this command:

Add-WUServiceManager -ServiceID 7971f918-a847-4430-9279-4a52d1efe18d

You can get a list of available cmdlets in the PSWindowsUpdate module with the following command:

Get-command -module PSWindowsUpdate

I have also included a list of commands below:

• Add-WUOfflineSync
• Add-WUServiceManager
• Get-WUHistory
• Get-WUInstall
• Get-WUInstallerStatus
• Get-WUList
• Hide-WUUpdate
• Invoke-WUInstall
• Get-WURebootStatus
• Get-WUServiceManager
• Get-WUUninstall
• Remove-WUOfflineSync
• Remove-WUServiceManager
• Update-WUModule

Examples

The most important cmdlet is Get-WUInstall . This will be apparent in the examples below

Download and install updates from Microsoft Update, then reboot:

Get-WUInstall –MicrosoftUpdate –AcceptAll –AutoReboot

**Note, I usually only reboot if required. For that reason, I don’t like to use the AutoReboot flag.

Check if a reboot is required

Get-wurebootstatus

List available updates on Microsoft Update

Get-WUInstall –MicrosoftUpdate –ListOnly

USOClient

The USO client is new to windows 10 and Server 2016. This replaces the wuauclt command in these Operating systems. I would recommend using powershell instead of this client when you are doing automation, since it will work on newer and older clients. However, this client is very simple to use. and is useful for one-off purposes. See the table below for all of the command arguments:
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Examples

See below for some examples of how to use the USO client. All of these examples should be run in an administrative command prompt

Scan for updates

usoclient startscan

Download updates

Usoclient startdownload

Install updates

usoclient startinstall

Here are other related links

In case you would like to see some additional information, I hae included some links to good resources on these topics:

WSUS Server Cmdlets http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh826166.aspx

http://blogs.technet.com/b/heyscriptingguy/archive/2012/01/16/introduction-to-wsus-and-powershell.aspx

Powershell Execution Policy:http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee176961.aspx

Troubleshoot computers not in WSUS:
http://msmvps.com/blogs/athif/archive/2005/09/04/65174.aspx

Client Side Powershell Module:
http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/2d191bcd-3308-4edd-9de2-88dff796b0bc

Powershell FAQ
http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/2d191bcd-3308-4edd-9de2-88dff796b0bc/view/Discussions#content

Source :
https://www.idkrtm.com/windows-update-commands/

In a previous article, I showed you how to install Active Directory (AD), the first domain controller (DC) in a new forest and domain, using Server Manager in Windows Server 2019. But if you’re not afraid of the command line, there’s a much quicker way to get Active Directory up and running in Windows Server. In this article, I’ll show you how to configure AD using PowerShell.

There are two steps to installing AD in Windows Server 2019. The first is to install the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) server role. The second step is to configure your server as a domain controller. An AD domain must have at least one DC. Your server will be the first DC in a new AD forest and domain.

To complete the instructions below, you will need to have an account with administrator privileges in Windows Server 2019. I will also assume that you are using Windows Server 2019 with the Desktop Experience role installed. If you are using Server Core, the instructions vary a little but are more or less the same.

Active Directory prerequisites

Before you install your first domain controller in the new AD domain, there are a couple of things you should do to prepare the server. While it’s not absolutely necessary, I recommend giving the computer a name that makes it easy to identify. For example, I usually call the first domain controller in a new domain DC1. Secondly, you’ll need to set a static IP address and configure the network adapter’s DNS server.

Let’s start by renaming the server.

• Log in to Windows Server 2019 as an administrator.
• Open the Start menu and click the Windows PowerShell
• In the PowerShell window, run the command below and press ENTER. Replace ‘DC1’ with the name that you would like to use for your domain controller.

Rename-Computer -NewName DC1

• Restart the server.

Once the server has rebooted, we can configure the network adapter. Your DC will need to communicate with other devices on the local network, so it’s important to speak to whoever oversees your network and get them to provide you with a static IP address that isn’t already in use. On my network, I will assign a static IP address of 192.168.1.10/24 and the default gateway is 192.168.1.1.

• Log in to Windows Server 2019 as an administrator.
• Open the Start menu and click the Windows PowerShell
• In the PowerShell window, run the New-NetIPAddress command below and press ENTER. Replace the values for IPAddress, DefaultGateway, and PrefixLength to those provided by your network administrator.

New-NetIPAddress –IPAddress 192.168.1.10 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex

The above command is designed to work on servers that have only one network adapter installed. If you have more than one adapter, you’ll need to enter the interface number instead of (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex. You can get the interface index number (ifIndex) for each adapter using Get-NetAdapter.

• Now configure the adapter’s DNS settings. We’ll set the preferred DNS server to be our domain controller’s IP address because the domain controller will also perform the function of DNS server for the domain. So, replace 192.168.1.10 with the same IP address you configured for the adapter. Run Set-DNSClientServerAddress as shown, and press ENTER.

Set-DNSClientServerAddress –InterfaceIndex (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex –ServerAddresses 192.168.1.10

Again, the command is designed to work on servers that have only one network adapter installed. If you have more than one adapter, you’ll need to enter the interface number instead of (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex.

Install the Active Directory Domain Services role

The next step is to install the AD DS server role. It’s easy to do using the Install-WindowsFeature cmdlet as shown below. If you are using Server Core, remove the -IncludeManagementTools parameter.

Install-WindowsFeature -name AD-Domain-Services -IncludeManagementTools

Once the AD DS server role is installed, you’ll get a message in the PowerShell window. The Success column should read True.

Configure the first domain controller in a new Active Directory forest

Before you continue, you should decide on a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) for your new domain. I’m going to use ad.contoso.com in this example. Where ‘ad’ is the name of my new domain and contoso.com is the top-level domain (TLD). You should make sure that you own the public TLD. In this example, I should own the contoso.com domain name. AD in the FQDN defines my internal DNS namespace for Active Directory.

To configure Windows Server 2019 as a domain controller, run Install-ADDSForest as shown in the example below. Replace ad.contoso.com with your chosen FQDN. DomainNetBIOSName is usually set to the part of your FQDN that identifies your internal AD DNS namespace. So, the part that comes to the left of the first period. In this case, ‘ad’.

Install-ADDSForest -DomainName ad.contoso.com -DomainNetBIOSName AD -InstallDNS

You should note that Install-ADDSForest is only used when you are installing the first domain controller in a new AD forest. Install-ADDSDomain and Install-ADDSDomainController are used respectively to create a new domain in an existing forest and install a new DC in an existing AD domain.

DomainName and DomainNetBIOSName are the only two compulsory parameters for the Install-ADDSForest cmdlet. If you want to explore what other options you can configure, run the command line below:

Get-Help Install-ADDSForest

When you run the Install-ADDSForest cmdlet, you’ll be prompted to enter a password for Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM). Or Safe Mode password as it’s sometimes referred to. Enter a password and confirm it when prompted.

You’ll then see a message:

The target server will be configured as a domain controller and restarted when this operation is complete.

Do you want to continue with this operation?

Type y in the PowerShell window and press ENTER to confirm that you want to configure the server as a domain controller.

As AD is configured, you’ll see some yellow warnings appear in the PowerShell window. They are normal and you can safely ignore them. The server will automatically reboot. Once Windows Server has rebooted, you will need to log in with the domain administrator account. The domain administrator account is assigned the same password as the built-in administrator account.

On the sign-in page, type administrator in the User name field. Type the password for the administrator account, which is the same as the password for the previous built-in administrator account, and press ENTER.

And that is it! You are now logged in to your AD domain’s first domain controller. You can access Server Manager from the Start menu. In Server Manager, click the Tools menu and then select Active Directory Users and Computers to start managing your domain.

Source :
https://petri.com/how-to-install-active-directory-in-windows-server-2019-using-powershell/